Detection is often the largest part of an incident, and the part nobody sees. Without monitoring, MTTD is the time until a customer complains, which can be hours for a page that isn’t used much at night.
For external checks, detection time is set by the check interval plus any confirmation. An outage is noticed at the next check, on average half an interval after it starts, and confirmed seconds later.
Partial failures take longer to detect: a broken checkout, an error page served with 200, or responses that are slow but successful. Content checks, multi-step flows and response time limits shorten MTTD for those.
Formula
MTTD = total time from failure to detection ÷ number of incidents
Example:
Three outages detected after 2, 1 and 9 minutes: (2 + 1 + 9) ÷ 3 = 4 minutes.